Health Care Systems in Finland, Afghanistan, and Norway

Health care system world widely is a very important issue. According to WHO is that a good health system delivers quality services to all people, when and where they need them. The exact configuration of services fluctuates from country to country, but in all cases requires a stable financing mechanism such are a well-trained and adequately paid workforce; reliable information on which to base decisions and policies; well maintained facilities and logistics to deliver quality medicines and health (WHO a) That says it all in my opinion. Good attentions to provide health care world widely. The concept of health is very complex. We all understand the meaning of it in different ways. Health care system in Finland is a foregone conclusion in†¦show more content†¦(Finlex) The history of occupational health care goes all the way back to 1930, when large-scale industry was a growing thing in Finland. The department of occupational health was established in 1951 by occupational medicine. The modern version of that was established in 1971. In Finland the employer has an obligation to provide occupational health care to all employees. It is based to the law of occupational health. The goal of occupational Health Care Act is to adjust occupational health services to all the employers, so they can provide it to all the employees (Antti-Poika ym. Tyà ¶terveyshuolto 2003) According to occupational Health Care Act 12 §, a good occupational health care is effective and high- quality. (Antti-Poika ym. Tyà ¶terveyshuolto 2003) The employer can provide the services what’s the occupational Health Care Act means. They can provide them throw public health care, or from private health care. 3 HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN AFGHANISTAN Afghanistan is a country in south- Asia with population nearly 30million people. There are three neighbours that are Turkmenistan, TadÃ… ¾ikistan and Iran. Afghanistan has one the worst health status in the world The main health issues are currently high death in maternity and lack of sanitation and fresh water. Epidemical situation is also one of topics, including TBShow MoreRelatedOn This Assignment IM Going To Be Referring To Poverty,1763 Words   |  8 Pages On this assignment I m going to be referring to poverty, since it leads down different roads. Poverty can lead to health issues, lack housing, of income, employment, malnutrition, lack of education and many more that will be explained on this paper. If it is true that the world has progressed proportionally more in the last fifty years than in history, less is not the fact that inequality between the Nations is one of the characteristics that best define the contemporary world. This phenomenonRead MoreThe Voice3751 Words   |  16 Pagesreally stark differences. 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Teacher s Attitudes Towards Inclusion - 1683 Words

Teacher’s Attitudes Towards Inclusion Cathy Ferraro Concordia University A Research Report Presented to The Graduate Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Masters in Education Concordia University - Portland 2015 Teacher’s Attitudes Towards Inclusion Inclusive classrooms are being enforced and implemented in classrooms across our country. However, the idea of inclusion and incorporating students with special needs in to a general education classroom still remains to be a controversial and â€Å"hot topic† in the education world. The law requires that students with disabilities be educated in the â€Å"least restrictive environment† to meet their needs, which begins with a placement in a regular education†¦show more content†¦The U.S Department of Education’s 27th annual report to Congress on the implementation of The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (2005) indicates that the number of students with disabilities in general education classrooms has risen to almost 50 percent. This is about a 17 percent increase from the 1997 U.S Department of Education’s 19th annual report (U.S Department of Education, 2011). Schools have been making more efforts to increase educational opportunities for students with disabilities, and while there are many benefits to inclusion, there are also many challenges. Inclusion of special education students in a regular education classroom continues to be the center of debate amongst administrators and teachers. Everyone has their own ideas and attitudes towards inclusion, and research studies have revealed that there are many things that contribute to those positive or negative attitudes. Full vs. Partial Inclusion While some schools work towards full inclusion, some are only providing partial inclusion where students with disabilities engage in both general and special education classrooms. In the literature review, few teachers believed in full inclusion and that students with disabilities could not be fully accommodated in the general education setting to succeed socially, and academically without disrupting the flow of the class.

The professional teacher in classroom, school, and society Free Essays

Introduction: By the 1970s, large authoritiess were criticized about interfering the function of markets and the ability of the persons to run their ain personal businesss. Managerialism and marketization of the public services was the chief impression of ‘new public direction ‘ . In order to better the efficiency and effectivity in the populace sector, different schemes such as internal audit and quality confidence have been introduced. We will write a custom essay sample on The professional teacher in classroom, school, and society or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Aucoin, 1990 ) As instruction is one of the cardinal public services in Hong Kong, it can non hedge from the tidal force of marketization. The reform is related to the transportation of duty from the authorities to the school. In other words, there is a alteration in the nature of the authorities engagement with a position to going more competitory and providing for the demands in the market, and the ever-changing universe. Efficiency, answerability, quality and efficient usage of resources have become the ‘yardstick ‘ in measuring the public presentation by society, authorities and schools. Those standards have made a great impact on instruction at all degrees. Policy of Decentralization in Schools: In an effort to advance ‘quality instruction ‘ in schools, Hong Kong authorities introduced the thought of a school-based direction theoretical account with a position to conveying about decentalisation. This policy based on an premise: when a market mechanism is in topographic point in the instruction system, s chools will go antiphonal and accountable to the populace, and therefore will choose for better-quality public presentation. ( Brown, 1995 ) Decentralization allows schools flexibleness to apportion resources. Marketization enhances the power of parents as they provide the demands. Diversity of school was decreased and hence the competition between schools is violent. The functions of instructors and pupils have to alter harmonizing to the above-named factors. Fig. 1 Marketization theoretical account ( Modified from Ball ) Parental pick: Parental pick is one of the cardinal influences of the educational market. Restructuring instruction by the authorization of parents and pupils through picks in instruction is the cardinal thought under acceptance of a market-oriented attack. In Hong Kong, most of the parents are fond of English Medium Secondary Schools because they believe in the myths of better educational services inside them. ( Band1c†Ya ®Ã‚ ¶e†¢Ã‚ ·a„†ºa‚?c µÃ‚ ±e†¹Ã‚ ±a? ­ , 2010 ) Presently, instruction is considered as a sort of commercial merchandise instead than larning to larn. The whole schooling system can be regarded as a trade good market controlled by civilization of quality. Furthermore, schools are the mills for â€Å" value-addedness † while the pupils ‘ acquisition results are the trade goods within the market. Parents are the goaded force and exert great force per unit areas to school in order to bring forth better reactivity and academic effect ivity. ( e ¶Sa ¤se†¹Ã‚ ±?-†¡c? ­ e ¶Sa?-a ®Ã‚ ¶e†¢Ã‚ ·e § , 2008 ) Diverseness: In the aftermath of the economic restructuring of Hong Kong into a service economic system, there was a great alteration of the prevocational and secondary proficient schools in 2000. Education and Manpower Bureau revamped and enriched the proficient course of study by stressing more on concern and technological facets every bit good as linguistic communications. ( Education Department, 1997 ) The differences between secondary proficient schools and mainstream secondary schools became bleary. Furthermore, inclusive instruction is introduced and implemented. Students with particular educational demands ( SEN pupil ) are encouraged to have instruction in ordinary schools every bit far as possible. This policy increases the learning diverseness of pupils inside chief watercourse schools. This follows with increasing of demands of resources and teacher re-training. In world, nevertheless, there is unequal support and resources. Under inclusive instruction system, schools can merely have $ 10,000 subsidies for every SEN pupil. Compared with the original system, schools can enroll one instructor and learning aid for every 15 SEN pupils. ( ez?a†¢Ã¢â€ž ¢e‚?eaS?a? §a ¤sca °Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ , 2005 ) Merely 6 % of instructors agree with adequate support under the bing system. ( Education Convergence, 2002 ) In the past 15 old ages, the diverseness of school is reduced due to revamping secondary proficient schools and inclusive instruction. More and more schools became mainstream schools. Normally, those schools focus on academic facets instead than developing pupil ‘s possible since academic accomplishment of pupils is an of import public presentation index under cognition base society. Students ‘ endowments are ever buried. Competition: Under marketization, competition becomes much more serious than earlier. From the fact that the figure of pupils entry to secondary one lessening dramatically ( a? ­a ­?aae ·?a?†¦e ©sa , 2010 ) , schools which did non get adequate figure of pupils might be closed by the authorities. In order to hedge from this procedure, different schools principals utilizing different schemes to pull pupils to analyze their school. The schemes including give different subsidy or even hard currency to the new pupils. Harmonizing to the research ( e ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢e‚?a °Ã‚ ­aaâ€Å"?a?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢a? «a ·?aeY? , 2010 ) , some instructors were forced to advance the school. The promotional activities including be aftering different activities, some even serve as salesmen on the street to advance the school. We believed that these should non be the responsibilities of instructors. The direct result is teacher can non pass equal clip on the lesson planning or fix ing resource for pupils. This implies that learning quality in footings of pupil larning result may deteriorate due to the deficit of readying. Second consider competition between pupils. Hong Kong is a cognition based society. Under the construct of marketization, educational success implies competiveness, which farther elaborates to money and high socio-economical degree. We argued that the ultimate end of instruction should non be served as a tool to mount up to higher socio-economical degree. If marketization continues, the purposes of instruction would go training pupils to accomplish academic success merely and in uniformity. We argued there would be two possible result of this uniformity. The first result is we would lose out value instruction. Previously school non merely concentrate on academic country, but besides the whole individual development of pupils. Teacher can hold flexibleness to learn different country of cognition, but non constrained to the examinational stuffs. But under marketization, we focus on the acquisition result and competiveness between pupils instead than value. It seems that the value instr uction is no longer of import in the modern society. Therefore we argued this may be one of the accounts of the happening of different societal issues. The 2nd possible result of uniformity is the changing of features of pupils. After marketization, we focus more on competition every bit good as public scrutiny. Therefore different accomplishments such as communicating or coaction may be omitted in the course of study. From the illustration of the maestro alumnus in Chinese university, this indicated that our current educational system maintain preparation pupils in this mode. ( a? ­a ¤Ã‚ §c? ©a? «200? ¬?e ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a ·?a ¤Ã‚ ±?†¢- , 2011 ) This in bend pupils can merely execute good in the test merely, but can non use the cognition in the existent state of affairs or utilizing different accomplishments to work out jobs. The effects of the reform of educational system on instructors: In fact, the work load of instructors was really high before the reform of educational system. Teachers have more than 30 periods per hebdomad and it was one of the highest Numberss around the universe ( Cheng, 2004 ) . Furthermore, the figure of pupils per category normally is really high and it is about 40 per category. It may to a great extent increase the work load of instructors. Under the reform of the educational system, the work load of instructors is farther increased. In the yesteryear, the instructors could still manage their work. It was because of the standardised course of study, lower in-class diverseness of pupils and the comparatively teacher-centered instruction manner. However, under the reform of the educational system, the stria of pupils was changed from 5-band system to 3-band system. In other words, the intra-school diverseness of pupils became much higher. This may ensue in the dramatic addition in the trouble and cost of learning and direction of schools. Ultimately, instructors have to pay more attempt to cover with the jobs in learning, conselling and resources allotment. As the diverseness of pupil additions, the original high quality schools and pupils become second-rate since the resources have to be shifted to cover with the jobs of less able pupils. As mentioned antecedently, inclusive instruction is one of the of import policies under the reform of the educational system. It aims to include some SEN pupils into the normal categories so that SEN pupils can accept the legitimate instruction. This may increase the intra-school diverseness of pupils and the operating cost of schools. Besides, excess back uping resources should be needed. However, a batch of schools do n’t run into the standards to suit the SEN pupils and are forced to make so. Under the state of affairs of high work load and ‘big category ‘ , instructors really have non adequate clip and energy to take attention of the SEN pupils. As a consequence, the SEN pupils finally get no benefit. The reform of educational system involves the alteration in the instruction schemes and the usage of the instruction tools. In order to do the instruction more effectual, instructors have to take a batch of preparation classs about the alteration of the course of study, the application of information engineering and etc. Besides, some instructors have to complete the graduate student sheepskin of instruction. Teachers have to pay excess clip and energy on their surveies. In add-on to the work load and day-to-day responsibilities in school, instructors may experience collapsed. As a consequence, the success of the reform of educational system may be hard to be achieved since instructors really have no clip and energy to take attention of the diverseness of the ability of pupils and aid pupils ‘ growing. Decision: In decision, marketization have its ain advantages such as bettering efficiency of acquisition and instruction in footings of larning result. Nevertheless, the purposes of instruction and value instruction are neglected in the current marketized educational system. We believed that the disadvantages overwhelm the advantages and this is non a good pattern to our following coevals. Entire words: 1675 How to cite The professional teacher in classroom, school, and society, Essay examples

Malcolm X and Civil Rights free essay sample

The civil rights movement of the 1950s brought to light the atrocities and trials that the African Americans were put through on a daily basis. Malcolm X, an influential speaker and proponent of this movement, invigorates all people to stand up for justice and fight for proper civil rights. Through his rhetorical choices of sentence length, vivid imagery, symbolism and historical examples, X develops the three persuasive appeals, pathos, ethos and logos. Malcolm X attacks the white man for the hardships that the blacks of the United States have to endure on a daily basis. His words invigorate and evoke not only the African Americans but people of all races to stand up against the white man and fight for proper civil rights for blacks. The exclusions of blacks from the history books infuriated Malcolm X, this was the beginning of his journey to becoming the proponent of civil rights. As a devout follower of Elijah Muhammad, X took to heart all of Eljahs teaching which stressed how history had been whitened when white men had written history books, the black man had simply been left out (X 229). One can assume that Malcolm X would take this offense seriously and would take on the same ideas that the white man had made history his own without any recognition of the black man (229). With Malcolm X accepting and embracing this philosophy, his use of diction, explicitly differentiating between the black and white man, appeals to the readers sense of ethos. Due to Xs diction in the passage, the reader now understands the basis of Xs beliefs and philosophies. Not only that, but the audience can also understand the reasons behind some of Xs choices and actions. X soon became interested in black culture and history, but the vivid imagery of gore and pure degradation may not have been what he anticipated. Many of the certain events that X describes have a great amount of detail and imagery, which plays a major factor in developing emotions with the reader. X alludes to a book he read and describes, in detail, the absolute atrocities of slavery. X being disgusted by these acts would be no less than an understatement. What he read left such a lasting impression on him that [He] never will forget how shocked [he] was when [he] began reading about slaverys total horror (X 230). This further shows how much X is against slavery and shows another source in which X draws his motivation to fight for civil rights. With the vivid imagery of the passage, X appeals to the readers emotion, pathos. by tugging at With the combination of what he describes as a total horror (230), this is further intensifies what he will never forget (230), causing the audience to now expect the absolute worst. One can even go out on a limb and state that this quote implements diction to further bring his point across and play with the emotions of the reader. X also read descriptions of atrocities, saw those illustrations of black slave women tied up and flogged with whips; of black mothers watching their babies being dragged off, never to be seen by their others again; of dogs after slaves, and of the fugitive slave catchers, evil white men with whips and clubs and chains and guns (X 230). This, like the previous quote, tugs at the readers emotional strings through vivid imagery, appealing to their emotions, pathos with the reader. With descriptions of women being whipped, dogs chasing after runaway slaves and babies being stripped from their mothers arms, it effectively involves the readers emotions, bringing about an extremely negative connotation to the word slavery. But, something that may not come to mind automatically is also at play here, and that is Malcolm Xs use of sentence length. The quote above is all one sentence, pieced together with commas and semi colons. X used this technique to the effect of each different description of an event happening would compound on each other. This, could also be viewed as a symbol in this piece of literature. With the description of the punishments continuous and non-stop, X is also symbolizing that this is how the slaves were treated day in and day out, with non-stop and continuous punishment. With the culminating punishments, the reader may literally feel beaten down as well, allowing their emotions to connect with what Malcolm is re-iterating, the constant mistreatment of blacks throughout history. Malcolms reference to the Indians of South Asia utilizes imagery to, again, play with the readers emotional hearstrings, pathos. The imagery and gushing of the readers emotions come from how the Indians were subject to unnecessary ruthless human carnage (231). With this reference, the reader feels sorrow for those Indians, which X draws out to the extent to which he relates their plight with the African Americans current plight. Unfortunately, there may be skeptics questioning whether Xs battle is blindly based upon emotion or a personal vendetta against the white man. To their surprise, there is some logical thinking behind it, that thinking based on proof substantial enough that X believes his efforts will not be in vain. This is why X alludes to the historical examples of the Chinese and Indians who were severely oppressed, similarly to that of the blacks in America, by the British, their rendition of the white man. He offers the example of the Indians of South Asia and a significant event in 1857, some of the desperate people of India finally mutinied and, excepting the African slave trade, nowhere has history recorded any more unnecessary ruthless human carnage than the British suppression of the nonwhite Indian people (X 231). Here, X supports his ideas, appealing to the logic of the reader, logos, by offering a historical example in which the people described were in the same situation that he and the African Americans currently are in. By informing the African Americans that some of the Indians were brave enough to mutiny and fight for their civil rights, it hints that some of his black brethren should do the same. He may also be hoping that they realize also realize that there were only a small amount of Indians to mutiny. But, with the staggering number of oppressed and angry African Americans, the sheer number of them could factor into the outcome of their fight and potentially sway some of them who are on the fence about whether or not to join. There is more to this quote as it also develops and utilizes imagery to, again, play with the readers emotional hearstrings, pathos. The imagery and gushing of the readers emotions come from how the Indians were subject to unnecessary ruthless human carnage (231). With this reference, the reader feels sorrow for those Indians, which X draws out to the extent to which he relates their plight with the African Americans current plight. Lastly, X drives his point home to the reader with a contemporary, counter-example to the American Dream whilst referencing the African Americans plight. X finishes strong by banding together his brothers bringing to mind the Four hundred years of black blood and sweat invested here in America, and the white man still has the black man begging for what every immigrant fresh off the ship can take for granted the minute he walks down the gangplank ( 232). His mentioning of the duration in which he and his people have had to suffer to attempt to attain simple civil rights will infuriate the African Americans due to the basic fact that even though they have been working for 400 years, while any person immigrating to the US in search of the American Dream gains those same rights at the time when the walk off the gangplank (pathos). The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s was the pinnacle of a revolutionary generation. With influential speakers rising up, rallying and uniting peoples of all races to fight for proper rights. A Homemade Education chronicles the beginnings of a major influential speaker, Malcolm X, and effectively uses his rhetorical choices of sentence length, vivid imagery, symbolism and relevant historical examples to develop the three rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos and logos. His effective uses of these devices invigorates the reader to take action for what is wrong in the world, but most importantly, durin g the 1950s and 1960s, to join him in his cause to end the atrocities of discrimination, racism and to fight for the civil rights of the blacks in America.